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INDONESIA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri merupakan publikasi ilmiah primer yang memuat hasil penelitian primer komoditas perkebunan yang belum dimuat pada media apapun, diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, DIPA 2011 terbit empat kali setahun.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 5 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 24, No 1 (2018): Juni, 2018" : 5 Documents clear
INDUKSI EMBRIO SOMATIK SEKUNDER KOPI ARABIKA DAN DETEKSI KERAGAMAN SOMAKLONAL MENGGUNAKAN MARKA SSRs / Induction of Secondary Somatic Embryos of Arabica Coffee and Detection Somaclonal Variation Using SSRs Marker Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim; Rr. Sri Hartati; Reflinur Reflinur; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 1 (2018): Juni, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n1.2018.11-20

Abstract

The secondary somatic embryogenesis of coffee plant can be used to propagate superior varieties, plant resulted from genetic transformation and mutation. Present study aimed to obtain the best media composition for induction of secondary somatic embryos in solid or semi-solid media, and to evaluate the possibility of somaclonal variations occurrence in the resulting plantlets. Primary somatic embryos torpedo phase of the AS2K variety were used as explant sources. Types of cytokines i.e. 2-iP (4.54 and 9.08 μM), kinetin (9.30 μM) and BAP (BAP 17.76 and 1.33 μM) and medium density (solids and semi-solid) were used as treatments. A total of 20 SSRs marker were used in molecular analysis of plantlets with 10 replication per treatment. The results showed that the media with the addition of BAP 17.76 μM resulted in the highest percentage (75.50%), the highest number of secondary somatic embryos (10.63), the tertiary, quarter and quiner somatic embryos. Number of secondary somatic embryos produced in a dense media was higher than those in the semi-solid media.. Based on molecular analysis, planlets on all treatment were relatively homogenous except on medium with 17.76 μM BAP which indicated by one allelle changing at ssrR209 locus. These findings indicated that the use of culture medium with supplemented with 9.08 μM 2-iP is advisable to induce the secondary somatic embryos due to its capacity to produce high number of somatic embryos and exhibited no somaclonal variations occurred among the plantlets.Keywords: Coffea arabica, tertiary somatic embryos, quarter somatic embryos, quiner somatic embryos, semi solid media AbstrakEmbriogenesis somatik sekunder pada tanaman kopi dapat digunakan untuk memperbanyak varietas unggul, hasil transformasi dan mutasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan komposisi media terbaik dalam menginduksi embrio somatik sekunder dalam media padat maupun semi padat, dan mengevaluasi kemungkinan terjadinya variasi somaklonal pada planlet yang dihasilkan. Eksplan yang digunakan adalah embrio somatik primer fase torpedo dari varietas AS2K. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah jenis sitokinin yaitu: 2-iP (4,54 dan 9,08 μM), kinetin (9,30 μM) dan BAP (BAP 17,76 μM dan 1,33 μM) dan kepadatan media (padat dan semi padat). Analisis molekuler menggunakan 20 primer marka SSRs dengan jumlah ulangan 10 planlet per perlakuan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan media dengan penambahan BAP 17,76 μM menghasilkan persentase embrio somatik sekunder tertinggi (75,50%), embrio somatik sekunder terbanyak (10,63), embrio somatik tersier, kuarter dan kuiner. Jumlah embrio somatik sekunder yang dihasilkan pada media padat lebih banyak dibandingkan semi padat. Berdasarkan analisis molekuler, planlet yang dikulturkan pada semua perlakuan relatif seragam, kecuali pada perlakuan BAP 17,76 μM yang menunjukkan telah terjadi perubahan satu alel pada lokus ssrR209. Temuan ini memperlihatkan bahwa penggunaan media kultur dengan 2-iP 9,08 μM lebih dianjurkan untuk menginduksi embrio somatik sekunder karena dapat menghasilkan jumlah embrio somatik cukup banyak dan tidak memperlihatkan adanya variasi somaklonal pada planlet yang dihasilkan.Kata kunci: Coffea arabica, embrio somatik tersier, embrio somatik kuarter, embrio somatik kuiner, media semi-padat
PERIODE PENUTUPAN TANAH DENGAN MULSA PLASTIK TERHADAP POPULASI URET (Lepidiota stigma FABRICIUS) DAN PRODUKTIVITAS TEBU / The Effect of Plastic Mulch Period on White Grubs Population and Productivity of Sugar Cane SUBIYAKTO SUBIYAKTO; Dwi Adi Sunarto
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 1 (2018): Juni, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n1.2018.21-28

Abstract

The period of using plastic mulch on white grubs population and productivity of sugar cane at white grubs endemic area was conducted in Banyuputih Village, Situbondo on planting season of 2014/2015. Treatment consisted of 5 plastic mulch period (1) Before raining (SBH), (2) One day after rainfall, 14 mm (1 HSH), (3) Seven days after raining (7 HSH), (4) 14 days after raining (14 HSH), (5) 21 days after raining (21 HSH) and Control (without mulching plastic). Research using Randomized Block Design was repeated 5 times. Parameters observed in white grubs and adult (beetle), percentage of plant damage, productivity of sugar cane and sugar and rainfall data. The results showed that all plastic mulch period treatments significantly reduced white grubs population and crop damage compared with controls. Treatment of plastic mulch period of one and seven days after raining provides a difference in productivity of sugar cane of 83 tons/ha (7.7 tons/ha) and 96 tons/ha (sugar 7.8 tons/ha) above the control and both treatments can be recommended. This research needs to be continued especially to find out the efficiency of using plastic mulch in endemic white grubs area.Keywords: closing period, plastic mulch, white grubs control, population, sugarcane productivity AbstrakPenelitian untuk mengetahui periode penutupan tanah menggunakan mulsa plastik terhadap populasi uret dan produktivitas tebu dilaksanakan di areal endemik uret di Desa Banyuputih, Situbondo pada musim tanam 2014/2015. Perlakuan terdiri atas lima penutupan mulsa plastik (1) Sebelum turun hujan (SBH), (2) Satu hari setelah turun hujan dengan curah hujan 14 mm (1 HSH), (3) Tujuh hari setelah turun hujan (7 HSH), (4) 14 hari setelah turun hujan (14 HSH), (5) 21 hari setelah turun hujan (21 HSH) dan Kontrol (tidak ditutup mulsa plastik). Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok diulang lima kali. Parameter yang diamati meliputi populasi uret dan dewasa (kumbang), persentase kerusakan tanaman, produktivitas tebu dan hablur serta data curah hujan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan penutupan mulsa plastik secara nyata dapat menekan populasi uret dan kerusakan tanaman apabila dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Perlakuan penutupan mulsa plastik satu dan tujuh hari setelah turun hujan memberikan selisih produktivitas tebu masing-masing 83 ton/ha (hablur 7,6 ton/ha) dan 96 ton/ha (hablur 7,8 ton/ha) di atas kontrol dan kedua perlakuan tersebut dapat direkomendasikan. Penelitian ini perlu ditindaklanjuti terutama untuk mengetahui efisiensi penggunaan mulsa plastik dalam pengendalian uret pada tanaman tebu di daerah endemik uret.Kata kunci: periode penutupan, mulsa plastik, pengendalian uret, populasi, produktivitas tebu
EFEKTIVITAS BEBERAPA JENIS PUPUK N PADA PEMBIBITAN KELAPA SAWIT / Effectiveness of Several Types of N Fertilizer on Palm Oil Nursery Wiwik Hartatik; Heri Wibowo
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 1 (2018): Juni, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n1.2018.29-38

Abstract

Slow release N fertilizer formula is needed to increase N efficiency. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of several types of N fertilizer on palm oil nursery using Inceptisols Bogor. The research was conducted at green house and laboratory of Soil Research Institute, Bogor. Experiment design used was Completely Randomized Design with 5 replications. The treatments were (1) Complete control, (2) Control without Urea (3) Urea pril (standar), (4) N + Zeolite 50%, (5) N + Zeolite 75%, (6) N + Zeolite 100%, (7) N + Zeolite + Chitosan 50%, (8) N + Zeolite + Kitosan 75%, (9) N + Zeolite + Kitosan 100%, (10) N + Zeolite + Humat 50%, (11) N + Zeolite + Humat 75%, (12) N + Zeolite + Humat 100%, (13) N-Humat 50%. dan (14) N-Humat 100%. Soil analysis parameters were total N (Kjeldahl method), available P (Bray I), Exchangeable Cation (Ca, Mg, K), cation exchange capacity (CEC) (NH4Ac extract pH 7), and Base saturation (BS). Agronomic observations were height plants in 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 9 months, biomass wet and dry weight, and nutrient uptake (N, P and K). The results showed that 75% N-Zeolite + Chitosan treatment significantly increased the height of oil palm crops in 9 months of 146.7 cm, biomass dry weight of 701.2 g pot-1 with RAE value 140% and nutrient uptake N, P, and K were 2,82, 0,25 dan 2,17 g pot-1, respectively. Dry biomass weight increased 22% compared with Urea standard. Formulation of N with Zeolite and coating with Chitosan Urea fertilizer efficiency up to 25%.Keywords: Chitosan, palm oil nursery, several types of N fertilizer, slow release, zeolite, AbstrakFormula pupuk N lepas lambat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi N. Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari pengaruh beberapa jenis pupuk N terhadap pembibitan kelapa sawit menggunakan tanah Inceptisols Bogor. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca dan Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanah, Bogor. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah (1) Kontrol lengkap, (2) Kontrol tanpa Urea, (3) Urea pril (standar), (4) N + Zeolit 50%, (5) N + Zeolit 75%, (6) N + Zeolit 100%, (7) N+ Zeolit + Kitosan 50%, (8) N + Zeolit + Kitosan 75%, (9) N + Zeolit + Kitosan 100%, (10) N + Zeolit + Humat 50%, (11) N + Zeolit + Humat 75%, (12) N + Zeolit + Humat 100%, (13) N-Humat 50%, dan (14) N-Humat 100%. Analisis tanah dilakukan sebelum tanam dan sesudah panen biomas dengan parameter: N-total (metode Kjeldahl), P-tersedia (Bray I), Kation dapat ditukar (Ca, Mg, K) dan kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) (ekstrak NH4Ac pH 7), kejenuhan basa (KB). Pengamatan agronomis tinggi tanaman umur 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 dan 9 bulan, bobot biomas basah dan kering, serapan hara N, P dan K. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan N + Zeolit + Kitosan 75% nyata meningkatkan tinggi tanaman kelapa sawit umur 9 bulan sebesar 146,7 cm, bobot biomas kering sebesar 701,2 g pot-1 dengan nilai RAE 140% dan serapan hara N, P, dan K masing-masing sebesar 2,82; 0,25 dan 2,17 g pot-1. Peningkatan bobot biomas kering sebesar 22% dibanding Urea standar. Formulasi pupuk N dengan Zeolit dan penyalutan dengan Kitosan mampu mengefisienkan pupuk Urea hingga 25%.Kata kunci: Jenis pupuk N, kitosan, lepas lambat, pembibitan kelapa sawit, zeolit
KARAKTERISASI BAKTERI ENDOFIT TANAMAN PURWOCENG SEBAGAI PENGHASIL SENYAWA STEROID DAN ANTIPATOGEN / Endophytic Bacteria From Purwoceng as Steroid and Antipatogenic Compounds Producers Dwi N. Susilowati; Hendra Ginanjar; Erny Yuniarti; Mamik Setyowati; Ika Roostika
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 1 (2018): Juni, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n1.2018.1-10

Abstract

Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) is a commercial medicinal plant from Indonesia that is useful as an aphrodisiac, diuretic, and tonic. Purwoceng are known to produce some secondary metabolite compounds of phytosterol (stigmasterol, sitosterol, bergapten, ergosterol, amirin, and vitamin E). The quantity of phytosterol compounds isolated from this plant is very small, but have many benefits. Bioactive compounds that are nutritious in a plant was also produced by endophytic microbes. It gives the opportunity to produce sterol compounds using endophytic microbial culture found in purwoceng. The objectives of this study were to screen and characterize endophytic bacteria from purwoceng that are antagonistic to a number of pathogenic microbes (Enteropatogenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas pseudomallei, and Candida albicans), and produce sterol compounds. The paper disc diffusion method is used for antipatogenic tests and Thin Layer Chromatography analysis for analysis of sterol compounds. Sterol compounds obtained from endophytic bacterial isolates Endo PWC I.GP-1. Some isolates were able to prevent the growth of pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Endo PWC I.D2, Aktino PWC GP-4, Endo PWC GP-2, Endo PWC D-1, and Endo PWC I.GP-1. Endo PWC I.GP-1 endophytic isolate which capable of producing sterol compounds and such antibacterial metabolites is identified as Corynebacterium sp.Keywords: Purwoceng, endophytic bacteria, sterols, antipatogenic Abstrak Tanaman purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) merupakan tanaman obat komersial asal Indonesia yang bermanfaat sebagai afrodisiak, diuretika, dan tonik. Tanaman purwoceng diketahui dapat memproduksi beberapa senyawa metabolit sekunder fitosterol (stigmasterol, sitosterol, bergapten, ergosterol, amirin, dan vitamin E). Konsentrasi senyawa fitosterol dalam tanaman ini sangat kecil, namun memiliki banyak manfaat. Senyawa bioaktif yang berkhasiat pada suatu tanaman ternyata juga ada yang dihasilkan oleh mikroba endofit. Hal ini dapat membuka peluang untuk memproduksi senyawa sterol menggunakan kultur mikroba endofit yang terdapat pada tanaman purwoceng. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menapis dan mengkarakterisasi bakteri endofit dari tanaman purwoceng yang bersifat antagonis terhadap sejumlah mikroba patogen (Enteropatogenik Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas pseudomallei, dan Candida albicans), dan menghasilkan senyawa sterol. Metode difusi kertas cakram digunakan untuk uji antipatogen dan analisis Kromatografi Lapis Tipis untuk analisis senyawa sterol. Senyawa sterol diperoleh dari tanaman purwoceng pada isolat Endo PWC I.GP-1. Beberapa isolat mampu mencegah pertumbuhan patogen ((Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, dan Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)), yaitu Endo PWC I.D2, Aktino PWC GP-4, Endo PWC GP-2, Endo PWC D-1, dan Endo PWC I.GP-1. Isolat Endo PWC I.GP-1 yang mampu menghasilkan senyawa sterol dan metabolit antibakteri diidentifikasi sebagai Corynebacterium sp.Kata kunci: Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.), bakteri endofit, sterol, antipatogen
KINERJA TEKNIS DAN FINANSIAL BUDIDAYA LADA PERDU DI DAERAH PENGEMBANGAN BARU KABUPATEN BANYUMAS, JAWA TENGAH / TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF BUSHY-PEPPER CULTIVATION IN THE NEW DEVELOPMENT AREA AT BANYUMAS DISTRICT, CENTRAL JAVA Syakir, M; Ardana, I Ketut; Karmawati, Elna
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 1 (2018): Juni, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n1.2018.39-46

Abstract

Bushy-pepper is a modification of pepper farming technology without using the climbed pole. The research about bushy pepper had been carried out by many people but had not massively developed in pepper production center. The purpose of this research is to analyze the technical and financial performance of pepper cultivation in new development areas, conducted from September to November 2017 in Banyumas District, Central Java, by using survey method. Respondent was determined through snow-ball method and data collected using interview and plant observation. Technical performance analysis used cross-tabulation and descriptive interpretation, as the financial performance was analyzed using financial feasibility criteria such as NPV, B/C, and IRR. The research result showed that in Banyumas District bushy pepper was carried out using monoculture and polyculture cropping-pattern as intercrops under pine-forest. The two cropping pattern applicated denoted the good technical performance of vegetative and generative growth. In 2016/2017 there was endemy of pepper rot disease caused the low productivity during the last five years. The effect of high pepper price in the period 2012-2017 pushed the sale value of pepper, so the two cropping pattern of applicated produced feasible financial performance with positive NPV, B/C > 1, and IRR > 18%. Optimation of technical performance requires policy of handling of pepper rot disease and increasing application of cultivation technology, especially the use of healthy seed.Keywords: Bushy-pepper, cropping pattern, financial performance, technical performance AbstrakLada perdu merupakan hasil modifikasi teknologi budidaya lada yang tidak menggunakan tiang panjat. Penelitian tentang lada perdu sudah banyak dilakukan, namun demikian lada perdu belum diusahakan secara masif di daerah sentra produksi lada. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja teknis dan finansial budidaya lada perdu di daerah pengembangan baru, dilakukan pada bulan September sampai dengan November 2017 di Kabupaten Banyumas, Jawa Tengah, dengan menggunakan metode survei. Penentuan responden dengan metode bola salju dan pengumpulan data dengan teknik wawancara disertai observasi lapang. Analisis kinerja teknis menggunakan tabulasi silang dan diinterpretasi secara deskriptif, sedangkan kinerja finansial dianalisis dengan kriteria kelayakan finansial NPV, B/C, dan IRR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Kabupaten Banyumas lada perdu dibudidayakan dengan pola tanam monokultur dan pola tanam polikultur sebagai tanaman sela pada tegakan hutan pinus. Kedua pola tanam yang diterapkan menunjukkan kinerja teknis yang relatif baik pada pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif, namun mengalami serangan penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada tahun 2016/2017 menyebabkan produktivitas kumulatif selama lima tahun relatif rendah. Pengaruh harga lada yang relatif tinggi pada periode 2012-2017 mendongkrak nilai jual lada, sehingga kedua pola tanam yang diterapkan menghasilkan kinerja finansial yang layak berdasarkan kriteria NPV positif, B/C > 1, dan IRR > 18%. Pengoptimalan kinerja teknis memerlukan kebijakan penanganan penyakit busuk pangkal batang dan perbaikan penerapan teknologi budidaya, khususnya penggunaan benih yang sehat.Kata kunci: kinerja finansial, kinerja teknis, lada perdu, pola tanam

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